Study Finds Brain Aging Linked to Neuronal Hyperactivation, Not Decline
New Insights into Cognitive Aging
For years, scientists believed that cognitive decline was caused by a decrease in neuron activity. However, a recent study from Nagoya University suggests otherwise. Researchers found that neuronal hyperactivation—not inactivity—disrupts brain function over time.
This discovery could reshape our understanding of brain aging and open new doors for intervention strategies, including dietary adjustments.
Hyperactive Neurons Disrupt Brain Function
The research team studied Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a tiny worm that shares many genetic similarities with humans. These nematodes exhibit learning behaviors, making them useful for studying brain function.
The experiment focused on thermotaxis, a behavior in which C. elegans moves toward familiar temperatures associated with food. As the nematodes aged, their ability to perform this task declined. Scientists initially believed this was due to decreased neuron activity. However, further analysis revealed that two specific types of neurons—AWC and AIA—became hyperactive with age, disrupting normal brain function.
To test their findings, researchers removed these overactive neurons. Surprisingly, the aged worms regained their ability to perform thermotaxis, confirming that hyperactivation was the issue, not neuronal decline.
Can Diet Slow Brain Aging?
One of the study’s most exciting findings was that changing the nematodes’ diet reduced neuronal hyperactivation. This suggests that dietary adjustments might help slow cognitive decline in humans as well.
Associate Professor Kentaro Noma, who led the research, emphasized the importance of this discovery:
“We have focused on declining neuron activity for years. Our findings suggest we should now pay attention to neuron hyperactivation instead.”
What’s Next?
The researchers plan to continue studying ways to reduce neuronal hyperactivation and improve brain function. These findings could pave the way for new treatments and lifestyle changes that promote healthy cognitive aging.
As research progresses, one thing is clear: the key to slowing brain aging might not be about boosting neuron activity, but rather keeping it in balance.
