Swiss researchers have achieved a groundbreaking milestone by helping two individuals with long-standing spinal cord injuries (SCI) regain walking ability using deep brain stimulation (DBS). This technique uses surgically implanted electrodes to stimulate specific brain regions and has opened new possibilities for SCI recovery.
Targeting an Unexpected Brain Region
The research team, led by scientists from the NeuroRestore Lab at EPFL, identified the lateral hypothalamus as a key region for recovery. Although traditionally associated with functions like feeding and motivation rather than locomotion, the lateral hypothalamus emerged as a prime candidate in a comprehensive “brain atlas” created from studying injured mice. This atlas highlighted brain regions involved in natural recovery after SCI.
Stimulating the lateral hypothalamus in rodents led to significant walking recovery, prompting researchers to test the approach in humans. The region’s prior use for treating conditions like cluster headaches and obesity provided a safety precedent for its role in DBS. 
Brain Stimulation: Translating Success to Human Patients
The pilot study utilized Medtronic’s commercial DBS technology, leveraging decades of surgical and technological advancements. Two patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries participated in a three-month rehabilitation program while receiving DBS. Both showed immediate walking improvements with DBS active, maintaining benefits even after the device was turned off. Notably, they regained the ability to walk without braces and navigate stairs independently.
The treatment proved effective without serious side effects, a remarkable achievement considering the lateral hypothalamus’s involvement in various other functions.
Looking Ahead
The Brain Stimulation study represents a new hope for individuals with chronic SCI, particularly those beyond the typical recovery period. Improved mobility offers life-changing benefits, from enhanced independence to better cardiovascular health and dementia prevention.
Future research will focus on larger-scale safety and efficacy studies, hybrid therapies combining DBS with spinal stimulation, and exploring new brain regions for treating other conditions. With over 15 million people worldwide living with SCI, this breakthrough marks a significant step toward improving quality of life for countless individuals.
